LHC Expectations (Machine, Detectors and Physics)

Starting in two years from now, particle physics will enter a new regime in terms of energies and luminosities, thanks to the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. This report summarizes the status of the preparations, both for the machine and the detectors, as of fall 2005. The commissioning and start-up scenarios are outlined and some highlights from the very rich physics programme are given, concentrating on measurements of Standard Model processes, as well as on early discovery scenarios. The prospects of B-physics and heavy ion collisions at LHC are also briefly discussed. The report concludes with an outlook on the ultimate physics reach and on upgrade scenarios.Comment: Plenary talk given at the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, July 21st - 27th 2005, Lisboa, Portuga

Adversarially Learned Anomaly Detection on CMS Open Data: re-discovering the top quark

We apply an Adversarially Learned Anomaly Detection (ALAD) algorithm to the problem of detecting new physics processes in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Anomaly detection based on ALAD matches performances reached by Variational Autoencoders, with a substantial improvement in some cases. Training the ALAD algorithm on 4.4 fb-1 of 8 TeV CMS Open Data, we show how a data-driven anomaly detection and characterization would work in real life, re-discovering the top quark by identifying the main features of the t-tbar experimental signature at the LHC.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figure

LHC Detectors and Early Physics

In this review I sketch the basic criteria and boundary conditions which have guided the design of the LHC detectors. The discussion will concentrate on the so-called general-purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS. After an overview of the detector's characteristics and performance, I will elaborate on the expected measurements of hard processes, with emphasis on jet and vector boson production, i.e., tests of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and Electroweak Physics.In this review I sketch the basic criteria and boundary conditions which have guided the design of the LHC detectors. The discussion will concentrate on the so-called general-purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS. After an overview of the detector's characteristics and performance, I will elaborate on the expected measurements of hard processes, with emphasis on jet and vector boson production, i.e., tests of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and Electroweak Physics

International Advisory Committee Final Statement on the FCC CDRs

The International Advisory Committee (IAC) for the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study has followed the activities of the FCC study group during the years 2017-2018, according to its mandate given by the FCC Steering Committee. This mandate consisted in reviewing the scientific and technical progress and considering, for each of the numerous FCC study areas, the questions related to the readiness level required for a Conceptual Design Report (CDR) were asked. This report summarises the IAC's recommendations

Past, present, future: LHC and future possibilities

Open problems in particle physics after the Higgs discovery The discovery of the Higgs boson is the most significant outcome so far of the LHC experiments. This discovery addresses issues in our understanding of nature that have been on our table for almost 50 years. It also provides us a more solid basis on which to continue our exploration of the other open problems in particle physics, such as: what is the nature of dark matter? What is the origin of matter? Do all forces of nature unify? The future programme of the LHC, and the future facilities that CERN is planning and that will be presented in the following two talks, are tailored to address these questions. Michelangelo Mangano M. Mangano studied theoretical physics at Scuola Normale Superiore (Pisa, Italy). He held research appointments in the Physics Department of Princeton University (’84-’86), in the Theory Group of Fermilab laboratory (Chicago, ’86-‘88), in the Pisa laboratory of INFN (Italy, ’89-‘95). Since 1995, he works in the Theory Group at CERN. His research activity is focused on the study of high energy particle collisions, to understand the fundamental laws of nature through the observation of particles’ interactions. Between 1988 and 2000, Mangano has worked with the CDF experiment at Fermilab, where he contributed to the discovery of the top quark. Since 2009, he runs the LHC Physics Centre at CERN (http://cern.ch/lpcc), which contributes to the interpretation of the data arising from the LHC. ____________________ CLIC, a future linear collider at the foot of the Jura The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a linear accelerator under development. CLIC will allow to study high-energy collisions between electrons, e-, and positrons, e+. Contrary to protons, which collide in the LHC, the electron and its antiparticle, the positron, are genuine point-like particles. Proton-proton and electron-positron collisions are governed by different elementary forces. In general electron-positron collisions can be studied to higher precision and provide information that is complementary to what can be learned at the LHC. The on-going CLIC accelerator development, the physics questions it can address and the corresponding particle detector will be described in the presentation. Lucie Linssen Lucie Linssen is a senior physicist at CERN, where she is employed since 1986. She obtained a Master degree in Physics from the University of Leiden in the Netherlands in 1981 and a PhD from the University of Amsterdam in 1986. She is specialised in the design, optimisation and construction of particle detectors and of complete particle physics experiments. Within CERN she has held roles of technical coordination for the construction and operation of particle physics experiments and has served as the deputy department leader of the CERN Physics department. She is currently the spokesperson of the CLIC detector and physics collaboration (CLICdp), involving the design, technology R&D and physics studies for a large experiment at a possible future linear e+e– collider near CERN (http://clicdp.web.cern.ch/). ____________________ Future Circular Collider Options The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) with its 27 km circumference is currently the largest accelerator in the world. While with the experiments at the LHC there are still many exciting years ahead of us, particle physicists are now starting to develop visions and even first concrete proposals for the next big step in terms of a circular collider at CERN. The Future Circular Collider (FCC) will be a record-breaking project in many aspects, such as in terms of its overall size, or the collision energies to be reached. This presentation will explain the motivations for planning towards an FCC, describe the first ideas and proposals, and highlight some of the technical challenges which will have to be faced. Guenther Dissertori G. Dissertori has studied Physics at the University of Innsbruck, Austria. In 1997 he obtained his PhD in Physics, for a thesis on theoretical studies and experimental data analyses related to the ALEPH experiment at CERN’s electron-positron collider LEP. From 1997 to 2001 he worked at CERN, first as Research Fellow and then as Research Staff scientist. During that time he continued his work on the ALEPH experiment and started his involvement with the CMS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. In September 2001 he became Assistant Professor at ETH Zurich. Since 2007 he is Full Professor and currently he is the Head of the Institute for Particle Physics. The main focus of his research group is on the operation and physics exploitation of the CMS experiment

Hard Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

The measurement of hard scattering processes, meaning those with energy scales of more than a few GeV, is the main method by which physics is being explored and extended by the experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. We review the principal measurements made so far, and what they have told us about physics at the energy frontier